Showing posts with label debian. Show all posts
Showing posts with label debian. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 26, 2017

Debian Switches Back To GNOME As Default Desktop Environment

Debian Switches Back To GNOME As Default Desktop Environment


Debian GNOME Desktop

Debian switched to Xfce as the default desktop environment back in November 2013. But that didnt last long because a few days ago, Debian restored GNOME as the default desktop, based on preliminary results from the Debian Desktop Requalification for Jessie.

According to Joey Hess, the Debian developer who performed this change, the main reasons for Debian switching back to GNOME as the default desktop are related to accessibility and systemd integration:

"Some desired data is not yet available, but at this point Im around 80% sure that gnome is coming out ahead in the process. This is particularly based on accessibility and to some extent systemd integration".

- Joey Hess, Debian developer

As far as accessibility is concerned, Joey mentions that GNOME and MATE are ahead by a large margin while other desktops still need significant upstream work. As for Systemd, GNOME is ahead of all desktops which are "stuck paying catch-up to ongoing changes in this area".

Of course, those arent the only reasons that influenced this decision. Recent GNOME 3 improvements are fairly important too and so is the fact that unfortunately, the Debian Xfce team is pretty small.

Basically, the only reason not to switch to GNOME was the media size, but it looks like that wasnt enough to block this change.

If youre wondering why MATE wasnt selected as the default desktop environment for Debian, well, thats because MATE is new in Debian so it doesnt have many users yet.

The release date for the next Debian stable version, codenamed "Jessie" (8.0), is yet to be announced. The freeze is expected on the 5th of November 2014.

Do you use Debian? What do you think?

via G+
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Thursday, July 20, 2017

Debian 7 Add Sudo!

Debian 7 Add Sudo!


When creating a fresh installation of Debian 7, you may notice that your sudo commands wont work. Run the following steps to allow sudo to work from a non-root user.

Steps

    Login as root and install sudo capabilities:
    apt-get install sudo
    Now add the user you want to have sudo priveleges

    adduser $MY_SUBUSER sudo
    For example:

    adduser programster sudo

    You can now log in as that user and run updates etc by just entering your own password.

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Thursday, July 13, 2017

Debian 5 0 Package Authentication

Debian 5 0 Package Authentication


Ive got a GNU Linux Debian 5.0 machine here. Its a Western Digital "MyBookLive" sort of machine. Network storage and media device. Have some nice features and runs Linux under the hood. You can log in with SSH and use the command line. I decided this machine needed to be updated with the latest security patches, since Im use sure it hasnt happened in a long time.

When running the apt-get update command, I get this warning:
WARNING: GPG error: http://ftp.us.debian.org squeeze Release: The following signatures couldnt be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY AED4B06F473041FA

"WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!" http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
The solution to this is to add the appropriate apt-keys to allow for package digital signature verification. You can do this in Ubuntu as well, since it uses the Debian Package system. (Debians apt system is one of my favorite features of the distro and all its derivatives.) You use the program gpg to download the relevant key, fingerprint it, and export it into your armory while adding it as an apt-key.
gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv AED4B06F473041FA
gpg --fingerprint AED4B06F473041FA
gpg --export --armor AED4B06F473041FA | sudo apt-key add -
Interesting I dont actually KNOW any Debian Key-server addresses, so I had to use an Ubuntu one, but I knew they would have it. Do this and your package authentication should work.

UPDATE: I discovered the updates I was trying to apply didnt work. Had an unusual error when trying to unpack the dpkg_1.15.8.12_powerpc.deb file. So I went through the web-interface to the device and tried to update there. Fixed the problem, but in an unexpected way. It seemed to roll the system back to previous set-point. Still, fixed my problem, and undid every change I made. Im not complaining, since it did restore the system to proper working order. Im not sure if my tweaks were what caused this or not. It even reset my SSHD configurations. (Should always use a non-standard port and limit allowed your users.)

Still, using the above solution does allow me to authenticate any new packages I want to install.
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Tuesday, July 4, 2017

ddclient on a Debian 6 server

ddclient on a Debian 6 server


This post is an update to my original in March 2011.

Every time I reconnect to the internet, my router is given a different IP address by the upstream internet service provider. Thats called dynamic hosting. But if Im out on the internet, I cannot connect to my server unless I know the current IP. A Dynamic DNS (ddns) host simply tracks my ever-changing IP for me in an internet-accessible way.

The ddns host isnt psychic - I need a small piece of software (a ddns client) on my server that figures out whenever the IP changes, and sends that update to the ddns host.

  1. Register for a dynamic DNS service. Any good search engine can point you to a good free service.

  2. The ddclient package is the server program that sends the new IP to the ddns host. Install ddclient using the command apt-get install ddclient. The installer will ask questions about the newly-registered dynamic dns account.

  3. There are two ways to run ddclient - as a daemon or as an occasionally-triggered non-daemon.
    • To run ddclient as a daemon (always-on), edit the file /etc/init.d/ddclient, and change the line:
      run_daemon=false #from
      run_daemon=true #to
      Restart ddclient (service ddclient restart) to reload the new config.

    • To run ddclient as a non-daemon, take a look in the /usr/share/doc/ddclient/examples directory for a bunch of possible trigger mechanisms.
      I chose to run ddclient whenever my server picks up a new IP address:
      cp /usr/share/doc/ddclient/examples/sample-etc_dhclient-exit-hooks /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/ddclient
      Its not perfect for my use, but well fix that later.

That should be it. ddclient should automatically update the ddns host regularly (or event-driven) now.

Usage: If youre out on the internet and need to know your servers IP, just look it up:
dig +short myaccount.dyndns.org # Elsewhere on the internet
nslookup myaccount.dyndns.org ns.dyndns.org # Another way from the internet
http://www.dnscog.com/dig/myaccount.dyndns.org/ # As a web page
Or have the service look it up for you by simply using the domain name: ssh myaccount.dyndns.org

Kingbaron: Sometimes my server is also an internet-facing router, sometimes its just a LAN server. I dont want it erroneously feeding LAN addresses to the ddns. Happily, the dhclient-exit-hook script thought of that already. If the new IP address is in the normal LAN range, ddclient ignores it.
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Monday, July 3, 2017

Debian 7 Increase Boot Speed By Reducing GRUB Timeout

Debian 7 Increase Boot Speed By Reducing GRUB Timeout


The following script changes the timeout for the Grub startup menu to just 1 second.

SEARCH="set timeout=.*"
REPLACE="set timeout=1"
FILEPATH="/boot/grub/grub.cfg"
sudo sed -i "s;$SEARCH;$REPLACE;g" $FILEPATH
If you ever do need to use the menu, just keep hammering the up/down keys during startup to stop the timeout.

Alternatively, execute the command below:

curl -s https://scripts.programster.org/scripts/8?output=raw | bash
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Thursday, June 29, 2017

Debian Installer Free released

Debian Installer Free released


The free Debian Installer has just hit the market:
get it while its hot here https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zpwebsites.debianinstallerfree

Key features include:
Three types of Debian image core, lightweight, full
Both have:
Ability to install a full operating system on your phone 
XFCE Desktop (very lightweight)
Working update manager
Ability to access files on your SD card and internal memory from Debian
Ability to set screen size on boot (you no longer have to download a certain image for different screen sizes!)

Full is includes:
900MB download, which is 3.5GB once extracted
Full XFCE desktop with all the addons
Lots of apps perfect for developing including

Lightweight image includes:
500MB download, which is 2GB once extracted
Includes only apps required for everything to work, leaving lots of space for your own programs but having a smaller image

Core image includes:
*200MB to download 750MB once extracted
*Just the base system including no GUI just command line
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Friday, June 16, 2017

Debian packages

Debian packages


There is now a debian package available to install jpdfbookmarks. It has been created by Slavko http://debs.slavino.sk and it is surely the best way to install the program on linux debian. 
The repositories to add are:
 
deb http://debs.slavino.sk testing main non-free
deb-src http://debs.slavino.sk testing main non-free 
the signature file is at http://debs.slavino.sk/repo.asc.
 
Thank you very much Slavko and I hope others will follow your example and create packages for other distributions.
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Wednesday, June 7, 2017

Debian Squeeze Released! ah ne doch nicht

Debian Squeeze Released! ah ne doch nicht


Just a moment ago the download folder appeared:
http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/squeeze_di_rc1/

Update: �hm, ja sorry. RC hei�t release candidate. Nicht release. Da war ich wohl etwas voreilig :)

Aber es gibt ein release date. Laut Debian Mailingliste am 5. oder 6. Februar 2011.
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Monday, June 5, 2017

Debian Releases and its Code Names

Debian Releases and its Code Names


Debian Releases and its Code Names

  •   1.1  called "Buzz"
  •   1.2  called "Rex"
  •   1.3  called "Bo"
  •   2.0  called "Hamm"
  •   2.1  called "Slink"
  •   2.2  called "Potato"
  •   3.0  called "Woody"
  •   3.1  called "Sarge"
  •   4.0  called "Etch"
  •   4.0r4  called "Etch-and-a-half"
  • 5.0   called "Lenny"
  • 6.0   called "Squeeze"
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Friday, May 26, 2017

Debian GNU Linux 8 7 Released Update ISOs Now Available

Debian GNU Linux 8 7 Released Update ISOs Now Available


The Debian Project has released the seventh update of Debian 8 Jessie. This release ships with tons of security updates, bug fixes, and updated packages. The existing users of Debian 8 need to point the apt package tool to one of the updated Debian mirrors and get the update. The new installation media and ISO images are yet to be published.
Update: Debian 8.7�s ISO images are now available for download. It can be grabbed via these mirrors or download the installation images from here.
Back in early 2015, Debian 8.0 Jessie was released after spending two years in development. This release switched back to GNOME as the default desktop environment choice. Now, the Debian Project is here with the latest update to this long-standing Linux distribution.
The seventh update of Debian 8, i.e. Debian GNU/Linux 8.7, has just been released. As expected, this release fixes tons of existing security issues. Notably, many of the included security advisories were already published and referenced.
Long time Linux users must be knowing that security is one of the primary concern of the Debian Project. The project handles all security-related issues brought to their attention and ensures their fixes in a reasonable time limit.
The release notes for Debian 8.7 include many bug fixes and security updates, which you can find here. The release has 80+ bugfixes and 80+ security patches.
One should also note that Debian GNU/Linux 8.7 isn�t a new version of Debian. Instead, it includes security updates and updated packages. So, if you�re already running Debian 8 Jessie, you don�t need to perform a fresh install. Just update via an updated Debian mirror to get all the new packages.
At the moment, new installation media and CD/DVD images are yet to be published. We�ll be updating the article when the ISO images will be available.
Did you find the Debian GNU/Linux 8.7 release exciting? Don�t forget to share your feedback.
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Wednesday, May 24, 2017

Debian Installer Free Video

Debian Installer Free Video


Well here is a little something to get you all excited for the debian app (and the complete linux installer).
This is the video of the free debian installer app.
You will notice that for the debian images I am using XFCE as requested by a few people, and I have to say I love it! (been using the large build for a few days on my phone)


Read more »

Sunday, May 21, 2017

Debian Linux 8 0 Jessie

Debian Linux 8 0 Jessie


Debian 8.0 Jessie
Debianyang merupakan termasuk distro linux yang paling populer, kembali meluncurkan versi terbarunya yaitu versi 8 dengan code �Jessie�.  Debian linux tetap tegas berada relnya untuk meluncurkan versi terbaru dari system operasi nya dengan license GNU LinuxDebian GNU linux merupakan distro yang populer dan berpengaruh dengan di dukung ribuan repository yang tersebar di dunia maya dengan paket perangkat lunak yang sipa untuk di install.


Banyak sekali distro linux yang dikembangkan dari denian linux ini diantaranya ada Ubuntu, knoppix, dreamlinux, xandross, linspire dan masih banyak lagi.  Pada versi baru ini debian banyak menambahkan feature-feature baru yang sangat menarik untuk network administrastor diantaranya :

Feature Debian 8.0 Jessie

  1. Menggunakan Linux kernel 3.16.x
  2. Menggunakan Desktop environments KDE Plasma Workspace 4.11.13, GNOME 3.14, Xfce 4.10, LXDE 0.5.6
  3. Menanamkan desktop environment: MATE 1.8
  4. KDE Plasma Workspace
  5. Menggunakan browser Iceweasel 31 ESR dan Chromium 41
  6. Aplikasi untuk kantor LibreOffice 4.3.3
  7. Educational toolbox GCompris 14.12
  8. Music creator Rosegarden 14.02
  9. GOsa 2.7.4
  10. LTSP 5.5.4
  11. new boot framework: system.
  12. Dan masih banyak lagi package dari Debian Jessie, lebih dari 4200 Package app


Jika anda pensaran mencobanya silah download saja ke link webnya langsung, tinggal pilih platform computer anda, atau silahkan klik link ini
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Saturday, May 20, 2017

Debian packaging with Pbuilder

Debian packaging with Pbuilder


This post explains how to create chroot environments, for different Debian distributions and system architectures, to build Debian packages. It also includes a description of the packages signing process, so those can later be uploaded to reprepro, an apt-get repository. I decided to write this article as a continuation of the one I wrote explaining how to create Debian packages:

http://santi-bassett.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-to-create-debian-package.html

1.- Installing the tools

 apt-get install pbuilder debian-archive-keyring debootstrap devscripts 

2.- Creating the configuration file at /root/.pbuilder

 # Codenames for Debian suites according to their alias. Update these when 
# needed.
UNSTABLE_CODENAME="sid"
TESTING_CODENAME="jessie"
STABLE_CODENAME="wheezy"
STABLE_BACKPORTS_SUITE="$STABLE_CODENAME-backports"
# List of Debian suites.
DEBIAN_SUITES=($UNSTABLE_CODENAME $TESTING_CODENAME $STABLE_CODENAME
"unstable" "testing" "stable")
# List of Ubuntu suites. Update these when needed.
UBUNTU_SUITES=("saucy" "raring" "precise")
# Mirrors to use. Update these to your preferred mirror.
DEBIAN_MIRROR="ftp.us.debian.org"
UBUNTU_MIRROR="ftp.ubuntu.com"
# Optionally use the changelog of a package to determine the suite to use if
# none set.
if [ -z "${DIST}" ] && [ -r "debian/changelog" ]; then
DIST=$(dpkg-parsechangelog | awk /^Distribution: / {print $2})
DIST="${DIST%%-*}"
# Use the unstable suite for certain suite values.
if $(echo "experimental UNRELEASED" | grep -q $DIST); then
DIST="$UNSTABLE_CODENAME"
fi
fi
# Optionally set a default distribution if none is used. Note that you can set
# your own default (i.e. ${DIST:="unstable"}).
#: ${DIST:="$(lsb_release --short --codename)"}
: ${DIST:="stable"}
# Optionally change Debian release states in $DIST to their names.
case "$DIST" in
unstable)
DIST="$UNSTABLE_CODENAME"
;;
testing)
DIST="$TESTING_CODENAME"
;;
stable)
DIST="$STABLE_CODENAME"
;;
esac
# Optionally set the architecture to the host architecture if none set. Note
# that you can set your own default (i.e. ${ARCH:="i386"}).
: ${ARCH:="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"}
NAME="$DIST"
if [ -n "${ARCH}" ]; then
NAME="$NAME-$ARCH"
DEBOOTSTRAPOPTS=("--arch" "$ARCH" "${DEBOOTSTRAPOPTS[@]}")
fi
BASETGZ="/var/cache/pbuilder/$NAME-base.tgz"
# Optionally, set BASEPATH (and not BASETGZ) if using cowbuilder
# BASEPATH="/var/cache/pbuilder/$NAME/base.cow/"
DISTRIBUTION="$DIST"
BUILDRESULT="/var/cache/pbuilder/$NAME/result/"
APTCACHE="/var/cache/pbuilder/$NAME/aptcache/"
BUILDPLACE="/var/cache/pbuilder/build/"
if $(echo ${DEBIAN_SUITES[@]} | grep -q $DIST); then
# Debian configuration
MIRRORSITE="http://$DEBIAN_MIRROR/debian/"
COMPONENTS="main contrib non-free"
DEBOOTSTRAPOPTS=("${DEBOOTSTRAPOPTS[@]}" "--keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg")
elif $(echo ${UBUNTU_SUITES[@]} | grep -q $DIST); then
# Ubuntu configuration
MIRRORSITE="http://$UBUNTU_MIRROR/ubuntu/"
COMPONENTS="main restricted universe multiverse"
DEBOOTSTRAPOPTS=("${DEBOOTSTRAPOPTS[@]}" "--keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg")
else
echo "Unknown distribution: $DIST"
exit 1
fi

3.- Creating the chroot environments for different distributions and architectures

For example, to create the chroot for distribution Jessie and architecture i386, we would need to run the following command:
 DIST=jessie ARCH=i386 pbuilder create --mirror ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ --debootstrapopts "--keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg" 
The results, as defined in /root/.pbuilder, will be stored at: /var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386-base.tgz

Example for Ubuntu:
 DIST=saucy ARCH=i386 pbuilder create --architecture i386 --distribution saucy --debootstrapopts "--keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg" 
Current possible values for DIST are �sid� (unstable), �jessie� (testing), �wheezy� (stable). Other values can be found at /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/.

Possible values for ARCH are i386 or amd64.

4.- Updating chroot environments (recommended before building the package)

 DIST=jessie ARCH=i386 pbuilder update 
This command will extract the chroot, invoke "apt-get update" and "apt-get dist-upgrade" inside the chroot, and then recreate the base.tgz (in this case jessie-i386-base.tgz).

This is recommended to avoid errors while building the packages. For example when apt-get doesn�t find packages that are used as dependencies.

5.- Building the package inside the chroot environment

From your source code directory, the one that contains the Debian files (in our case /opt/hello-0.1/), run:
 /usr/bin/pdebuild --use-pdebuild-internal --architecture i386 --buildresult /var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/result/ 
-- --basetgz /var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386-base.tgz --distribution jessie --architecture i386 --aptcache
/var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/aptcache/ --override-config
The command pdebuild calls dpkg-source to build the source package, and then invokes pbuilder on the resulting source package. Results are stored in the --buildresult directory. 

Pbuilder, which is run as part of pdebuild command, extracts the base.tgz to a temporary working directory, enters the directory with chroot, satisfies the build-dependencies inside the chroot, and builds the package.

According to manual pdebuild should be called this way: 

pdebuild [pdebuild options] -- [pbuilder options]

For more info see:
  • man pdebuild
  • man pbuilder

6.- Generating GPG key and signing package

We need to have a GPG key (can be listed with gpg --list-keys command), or generate a new one, to sign the packages. Then we can sing the package with debsign:
 root@debian-package:/opt# gpg --gen-key 
...
pub 2048R/489CD644 2014-07-15
Key fingerprint = 39F8 7126 FC58 3272 9A8D 04AB B701 2A82 489C D644
uid Your Name <your_email_address@domain.com>
sub 2048R/870B8E2D 2014-07-15

root@debian-package:/opt# debsign -k870B8E2D hello_0.1-1_i386.changes
signfile hello_0.1-1.dsc 870B8E2D
You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "Your Name <your_email_address@domain.com>"
2048-bit RSA key, ID 489CD644, created 2014-07-15
signfile hello_0.1-1_i386.changes 870B8E2D
You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for
user: "Your Name <your_email_address@domain.com>"
2048-bit RSA key, ID 489CD644, created 2014-07-15
Successfully signed dsc and changes files

7.- Testing the Debian package inside the chroot environment

We can easily get access to a shell inside the chroot environment using --login option:
 root@debian-package:/opt# pbuilder --login --basetgz /var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386-base.tgz --distribution jessie --architecture i386 --bindmounts "/var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/result" --override-config 
I: Building the build Environment
I: extracting base tarball [/var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386-base.tgz]
I: creating local configuration
I: copying local configuration
I: Installing apt-lines
I: mounting /proc filesystem
I: mounting /dev/pts filesystem
I: Mounting /var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/result
I: policy-rc.d already exists
I: Obtaining the cached apt archive contents
I: entering the shell
File extracted to: /var/cache/pbuilder/build//27119

root@debian-package:/#

Note: Using --safe-after-login option would save changes in the chroot environment after login out of it.

Now we can go to the results directory, specified with --bindmounts option, and install the package.
 root@debian-package:~# cd /var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/result/ 
root@debian-package:/var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/result# dpkg -i hello_0.1-1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package hello.
(Reading database ... 12428 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack hello_0.1-1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking hello (0.1-1) ...
Setting up hello (0.1-1) ...
root@debian-package:/var/cache/pbuilder/jessie-i386/result# hello_world
Hello World
On the other hand, in case other packages are needed as dependencies or for testing, we can run apt-get inside the chroot to install those. As well, more variants and custom packages can be added to debootstrap, as explained here:
http://askubuntu.com/questions/168158/how-do-i-add-more-variants-or-custom-packages-to-debootstrap

8.- References

http://www.netfort.gr.jp/~dancer/software/pbuilder-doc/pbuilder-doc.html
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PbuilderHowto

Read more »

Saturday, May 13, 2017

Debian Administrators Manual

Debian Administrators Manual


Recently Ive come across this very nice Debian manual describing the famous open-source linux-based distribution.

The handbook was written by 2 members of the Debian project Rapha�l Hertzog and Roland Mas which is a good sign generally as the guys must know pretty well what theyre writing about. The book is aimed to cover all the aspects of Debian, including how the distro is build along with the practical aspects of administering a Debian based system. It is also a fresh book, published on May 2012 (not in 2001 for example).

In short, if you want to learn about Debian from within, the book is for you. If you plan to administer Debian based desktops or web-servers, the book is for you as it covers a lot of  topics a future system administrator should know:
- how to set up the Apache webserver on Debian,
- how to secure a web-server on Debian,
- virtualization on Debian (KVM/Xen/LXC),
- automatic installations, etc.

You can get an electronic version of the book from here for free, also check their website for ways to obtain a paper-copy if you prefer books in that format.
Read more »

Thursday, May 4, 2017

Debian Sources List Generator

Debian Sources List Generator


1. goto http://debgen.simplylinux.ch/
2. click on 3rd party repos
3. fill the details as per your requirement and click on send
4. now select sources under Default Debian Packages and if necessary check on yes include, if source packages are required and then click generate sources.list button to generate your links
5. add them to etc/apt/sources.list
6. open root terminal and type apt-get update
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eln k�nnte. Somit ist es zwingend erforderlich bei einem komplett verschl�sseltem Linux-System diese Partition zu erstellen! Bei dieser Installation (

eln k�nnte. Somit ist es zwingend erforderlich bei einem komplett verschl�sseltem Linux-System diese Partition zu erstellen! Bei dieser Installation (
sans-serif;"">Gesamte Platte mit verschl�sseltem LVM) 
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Sunday, April 9, 2017

debian How to check if package is installed

debian How to check if package is installed


To check if ca-certificates package is installed run this command:
dpkg -s ca-certificates
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Tuesday, April 4, 2017

Debian Squeeze released

Debian Squeeze released


After two years waiting Debian version 6.0 released last week.
The code name of the project is Squeeze.
The name of the version borrowed from the name of characters in the film "Toy Story". Debian web site is redesigned with the release of new version.




Home page is www.debian.org
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